What is RAT ? Jab bhi hum airplane ki safety ki baat karte hain, to ek term kaafi important hoti hai – RAT, yaani Ram Air Turbine.
Shayad aapne kabhi aircraft emergency landing ke dauraan ya kisi aviation documentary mein iska zikr suna ho. Lekin aakhir ye R A T hota kya hai, kaise kaam karta hai, aur iski importance kyun hai? Aaiye, is article mein hum aapko iska detailed explanation dete hain
Table of Contents
RAT ka Full Form kya hai?
RAT ka full form hai Ram Air Turbine. Ye ek chhota sa wind turbine hota hai jo aircraft ke emergency system ka ek important hissa hota hai. Ye tab activate hota hai jab aircraft ke main power sources fail ho jaate hain, jaise ki engines ya auxiliary power unit (APU).
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RAT Ka Purpose Kya Hota Hai?
RAT ka main kaam hota hai emergency power provide karna. Jab aircraft ke saare primary electrical aur hydraulic systems fail ho jaate hain, tab RAT deploy kiya jaata hai. Isse aircraft ko minimum power milti hai jisse essential systems – jaise navigation, communication, flight controls – chalu rahte hain.
RAT Kaise Kaam Karta Hai?
RAT ek mini wind turbine ki tarah hota hai. Jab aircraft hawa mein hota hai aur RAT deploy hota hai, to airflow ki wajah se ye turbine rotate karta hai. Is rotation se ek small generator ya hydraulic pump operate karta hai jo power generate karta hai.
Is power ka use kiya jaata hai:
- Flight control systems ko operate karne ke liye
- Basic instruments ko power dene ke liye
- Hydraulic pressure banaye rakhne ke liye (agar hydraulic RAT ho)
Yeh system aircraft ke belly (niche ke part) mein installed hota hai aur emergency mein automatic ya manual mode mein nikalta hai.
RAT Kab Activate Hota Hai?
RAT generally tab activate hota hai jab:
- Dual engine failure ho jaye (jaise Airbus A320 ne Hudson River pe landing ki thi)
- Main generators fail ho jaayein
- Hydraulic systems pressure drop ho jaaye
Kuch aircraft mein RAT automatically deploy ho jaata hai jab systems detect karte hain ki power ya hydraulic pressure dangerously low ho gaya hai. Kuch mein pilot manually bhi isse deploy kar sakta hai.
RAT Ke Components:
- Turbine Blades – Air ke flow se rotate karte hain
- Generator ya Hydraulic Pump – Power generate karta hai
- Deployment Mechanism – Jo RAT ko bahar nikalta hai aircraft body se
- Linkage Systems – Jo generated power ko flight control systems tak pahuchate hain
RAT Ke Types:
- Electrical RAT – Jo electricity generate karta hai
- Hydraulic RAT – Jo hydraulic pressure provide karta hai
- Hybrid RAT – Dono ka combination, advanced aircraft mein use hota hai
RAT Kin Aircrafts Mein Hota Hai?
RAT zyada tar commercial jets jaise Airbus A320, Boeing 787, ATR-72, aur military aircrafts mein hota hai. Kuch fighter jets mein bhi mini version of RAT hota hai jo high-altitude emergencies mein kaam aata hai.
Real Life Example: Hudson Miracle
January 15, 2009 ko US Airways Flight 1549 (Airbus A320) ne bird strike ke baad dono engines lose kar diye the. Pilot Chesley “Sully” Sullenberger ne RAT ki madad se basic controls maintain kiye aur Hudson River par safely emergency landing karwai. Agar RAT na hota, to cockpit instruments aur flight control completely shut down ho jaate.
RAT Ki Limitations Kya Hain?
- Limited Power: RAT se sirf essential systems chalte hain, full aircraft systems nahi.
- Speed Dependent: Aircraft ki airspeed kam hone par RAT ka output bhi kam ho jaata hai.
- Short-term Solution: Ye ek temporary backup system hota hai, long-duration ke liye nahi hota.
Maintenance aur Safety Protocols
RAT ek critical safety equipment hai, isliye iski regular maintenance, testing, and inspection aircraft engineers ke liye mandatory hoti hai. Airlines aur aviation regulators (jaise DGCA, FAA) iske proper functioning ka strict record rakhte hain.
Conclusion: RAT Ka Mahatva
RAT ek chhoti si cheez lag sakti hai, lekin emergency situation mein ye pilot aur passengers ke liye life-saver sabit ho sakti hai. Jab sab system fail ho jaate hain, tab ye ek chhoti windmill jaise device aircraft ko basic control aur power deta hai, jisse safe landing ki possibility ban jaati hai.
Aviation technology mein safety sabse pehle aata hai, aur RAT us safety architecture ka ek anmol hissa hai. Aaj ke modern aircrafts mein multiple redundancies hoti hain, lekin agar sab kuch fail ho jaaye to Ram Air Turbine ek aakhri ummeed ki kiran hoti hai.
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